  📝In March this year, researchers from the 𝘈𝘶𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘢𝘯 𝘕𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘭 𝘜𝘯𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘵𝘺 made a fantastic discovery.
✅They realised that a protein we produce in our bodies significantly influences our immune system’s reaction to allergens. ➡️People who produce less amount of Neuritin have a higher risk of dying of 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐩𝐡𝐲𝐥𝐚𝐱𝐢𝐬 and developing 𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐢𝐞𝐬. 🔬Studies in mice showed some key components that mediate allergic reactions were substantially raised in mice lacking Neuritin. They proceeded to give Neuritin to those mice, and it managed to restore the lost function, decreasing the production of 𝐈𝐠𝐄 and other 𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐛𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐞𝐬. ❗To make matters more important, it was also found that Neuritin also plays a vital role in decreasing 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐨-𝐢𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞, 𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐡𝐦𝐚 and the control of 𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐫 cells. ❗❗This means we might have a chance to introduce a protein our body produces and give it to patients who are deficient in it, helping them either outgrow their 𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐢𝐞𝐬 and 𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐡𝐦𝐚 or decrease the severity of the symptoms. www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=253986310061921&id=100063516604410
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  ❓Often people ask me what they should do when they see a "𝘮𝘢𝘺 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯" label. ⁉️My first question to them is, how many variations of that wording have they seen? ✅In a study done many years ago, the researchers found over 20 different ways of writing an allergy warning in food. ▶️They asked people how they would act, depending on what was written, and the variability was incredible. 𝐒𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐤𝐧𝐨𝐰, 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐯𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐦𝐞𝐚𝐧 𝐞𝐱𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐞. ✅Several other studies went to see what was the actual variation of allergen concentration. ✳What did they find? ➡️In products with a warning, 6.5 to 93% contained an allergen. ➡️In products without a warning, 11 to 53% contained an allergen. ⚠️In reality, there is still a significant risk of a not labelled food, to contain a substantial amount of allergens. ❓But why is it that the food industry has this massive variability in warnings they use and still have so much potential cross-contamination of allergens? ❌The problem tracks back to political parties, the way they are funded or the individual politician's financial interest. ❗What I am saying might be controversial, but let's look at what is known. ⚠️Most of you have never heard of the "𝘌𝘶𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘦𝘢𝘯 𝘍𝘰𝘰𝘥 𝘍𝘰𝘳𝘶𝘮". 🔻This is the most powerful lobby within the 𝘌𝘜 – the 𝐟𝐨𝐨𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐲 𝐥𝐨𝐛𝐛𝐲. 🔻They have offices inside the 𝘌𝘶𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘦𝘢𝘯 𝘗𝘢𝘳𝘭𝘪𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 and manage to block all resolutions that can lead to improvement of food quality when this affects the profit the food industry has. 🔻It is easy to see what they have done so far, as most are widely published. (the list is far too long for me to place it here). ⚠️In the 𝘜𝘚𝘈 alone, in the 2014 elections, the food industry donated $𝟏𝟕𝐌, in total, to both parties. ❇This comes to the 𝐏'𝐬 I have spoken about before. Those, also called 𝐄𝐃'𝐬 (𝘌𝘭𝘪𝘤𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘋𝘰𝘴𝘦), look into the dose needed to cause an allergic reaction and the percentage of allergic people who will react. ✅So a 𝐏𝟏 or 𝐄𝐃𝟏 means that the potential cross-contamination in a particular food will lead to 1% or fewer allergic people reacting to that food. ✴The best collaboration done so far is the one between the food industry in Australia, the Government and Allergy Organizations. (see the attached table to see the ED for the 14 main allergens) ⛔Such an agreement does not exist in the 𝘌𝘜 at present. ✴The hope for the 𝘜𝘒, at the moment, is that the so called "𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐚𝐬𝐡𝐚'𝐬 𝐋𝐚𝐰" will lead to a change in this practice. ▶️But we need to go deeper than simple labelling, look into manufacturing practices, and avoid allergens altogether. www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=218423533618199&id=100063516604410   A US study suggests that, though camps will accept 🧒 children with allergies, most are not prepared to act if something happens as often they don’t have or request individualized action plans. 🏕It seemed camps that had faced anaphylactic events in previous years were better trained and able to recognize it than others who didn’t. Despite that, one-third of camp leaders did not think most staff would be able to act appropriately. Though this study was not done in the UK, I would suggest👫 parents need to be aware of the possibility of the same happening in summer camps here or any other country where they might send their children to. ⚠️The main lessons to take from this study are: 🔹️Enquire if the staff at the summer camp is trained to deal with allergic conditions, mainly anaphylaxis. 🔹️See what policies and emergency measures they have in place, e.g. contacts for local ambulance service, GP or Hospital. 🔹️Provide action plans specifically for your child. If you don’t have one, ask your Paediatric Allergist to provide a BSACI action plan. 🔹️See if your child’s medication did not expire and take them to the camp, in a clearly marked container, potentially with a photo of your child outside it. 🔹️You don’t stand to lose anything by asking if the food your child is allergic to is excluded from the camp, and other children cannot bring it with them there. 🏫As more and more nurseries/schools are becoming nuts free, it would not be a bad idea for summer camps to follow suit. (Many Summer Camps Unprepared for Allergic Campers - Medscape - Dec 10, 2019) www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=257470342749873&id=109164090913833    𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐞𝐧 𝐌𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐀𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 and 𝐁𝐢𝐫𝐝 𝐄𝐠𝐠 𝐒𝐲𝐧𝐝𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐞 ❓How many times have I been asked if children should avoid chicken if they are allergic to eggs? ❗Not as often as parents telling me their child is allergic to chicken meat or start sneezing when there is either cooked eggs or cooked chicken around. ⁉️Can this really happen? ✔Actually, it can, but we need to understand that 𝘢𝘭𝘭 𝘢𝘳𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘭𝘺 𝘳𝘢𝘳𝘦. Chicken Allergy can be primary or secondary; this one often called Bird Egg Syndrome. ✳But let us take this into the several aspects that might cause any of the above symptoms. ➡️The main difference between the two types is that the primary kind is associated with a protein called 𝘎𝘢𝘭 𝘥 𝟽 and the second called 𝘎𝘢𝘭 𝘥 𝟻. What does it mean? ✴𝐆𝐚𝐥 𝐝 𝟕 is 𝘩𝘦𝘢𝘵 𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘣𝘭𝘦 (long term allergy), and 𝐆𝐚𝐥 𝐝 𝟓 is 𝘩𝘦𝘢𝘵 𝘥𝘦𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘥𝘢𝘣𝘭𝘦 (very likely to outgrow the egg or chicken meat allergy). 🔻The symptoms vary, according to age group: ▶️In adults, the signs are usually respiratory associated (asthma or wheeze) or affect the eyes or nose (rhinoconjunctivitis). ▶️In children, it will mainly affect the gastrointestinal tract or leading to breathing problems. 👫Children with egg allergy and respiratory symptoms related to bird egg syndrome, tend to either acquire tolerance later or not outgrow it. 𝘜𝘴𝘶𝘢𝘭𝘭𝘺, 𝘴𝘺𝘮𝘱𝘵𝘰𝘮𝘴 𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘳𝘵 𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘳 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘪𝘳 𝘭𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘴. ⛔As with egg allergy, be aware of the cross-reactivity between chicken meat and turkey meat. 🚫But there can also be reactions to duck or goose meat, 𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘨𝘩 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯𝘴 𝘵𝘦𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘰 𝘣𝘦 𝘮𝘪𝘭𝘥𝘦𝘳. So you will need to avoid all those meats until a proper diagnosis is made. www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=242488257581415&id=109164090913833    ❓One of the most common questions I get from mothers is "𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐲 𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐝 𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐢𝐜 𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐈 𝐚𝐦 𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠?". 🤱Many have decided to go on a food exclusion, without any 𝘗𝘢𝘦𝘥𝘪𝘢𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘤 𝘈𝘭𝘭𝘦𝘳𝘨𝘺 𝘋𝘪𝘦𝘵𝘦𝘵𝘪𝘢𝘯'𝘴 or 𝘗𝘢𝘦𝘥𝘪𝘢𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘤 𝘈𝘭𝘭𝘦𝘳𝘨𝘪𝘴𝘵'𝘴 advice, meaning potential nutritional deficiencies and substantial confusion to what is the causative agent, if any. ⚠️Fortunately, when there is a relationship between maternal food ingestion and an allergic reaction in a baby, they tend to be non-IgE mediated. ➡️Excellent information on the management of those reactions can be seen in an 𝐄𝐀𝐀𝐂𝐈 𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐏𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐫: "Diagnosis and management of Non‐IgE gastrointestinal allergies in breastfed infants — An EAACI Position Paper. 👨⚕️For all the others, referral to a 𝘗𝘢𝘦𝘥𝘪𝘢𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘤 𝘈𝘭𝘭𝘦𝘳𝘨𝘪𝘴𝘵 should be considered, so investigations (mainly skin prick tests - SPTs) can be done. ▶️After that, coordination with a 𝘗𝘢𝘦𝘥𝘪𝘢𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘤 𝘈𝘭𝘭𝘦𝘳𝘨𝘺 𝘋𝘪𝘦𝘵𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘢𝘯 will lead to re-introduction of foods into the maternal diet and, eventually, into the child's diet as well. ▶️The dietitian will also advise on the need for supplementation if the diet is not adequate. ✅Before that appointment happens, it is always a good idea for mothers to keep a food and symptoms diary. ‼That often, on its own, can be enough for us to make a diagnosis and management plan. ⚠️Please do bear in mind that though only four main allergens have been investigated so far, it is highly likely all or most others will also be expressed in breast milk. 🔀Unfortunately, there is significant variability of allergen presentation in breast milk, which is often related to the method used to detect the proteins associated with those allergens. 👨💻Further research into a unified and conclusive investigative tool is of great importance, so clarifying and establishing a causal relationship between allergen ingestion on a mother and allergic reaction on a baby can be achieved. ⚠️Bottom line if worried about a potential allergic reaction in your breastfed child: 1️⃣Start a food and symptoms diary. 2️⃣Speak to your GP. 3️⃣Potential referral to a Paediatric Allergy Dietitian and/or Paediatric Allergist. 4️⃣Do not start a food exclusion on your own, especially extensive food exclusions. www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=241380731025501&id=109164090913833    It is an Allergy or an Intolerance?
🥛In a milk allergy, the body reacts to milk proteins, not milk sugar. ❗In lactose intolerance, there is little to no lactase (an enzyme produced by our body), so the milk sugar (lactose) cannot be digested. ⚠️Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) affects from 2 to 6% of children, with the highest prevalence during the first year of age. ➡️About 50% of children have been shown to resolve CMPA within the first year of age, 80-90% within their fifth year. ➡️Symptoms usually develop within a week of cow's milk introduction, although it may be delayed for many weeks, reported up to 24 and 36 weeks. 🔶️Lactose intolerance has 4 types: 1️⃣Primary (the most common form in which our bodies decrease the production of lactase from 5 years of age) 2️⃣Secondary (after a gut injury, illness or surgery our bodies produce less lactase) 3️⃣Developmental (mostly affecting preterms and resolving soon after birth) 4️⃣Congenital (rare and genetic in origin, where there is little to no lactase production - higher incidence in Finland) 💉The tests for both are different. ➡️skin prick tests or blood tests (specific IgE) for IgE mediated for milk allergy ➡️hydrogen breath test or stool sample for lactose intolerance ➡️no tests available for non-IgE mediated (normally food exclusion is the only option) ⚠️Obviously, the symptoms are also different. ➡️IgE mediated (immediate kind) affects the skin most commonly, then the gastrointestinal tract, and least frequently the respiratory system. Cardiovascular symptoms are rarely reported. Symptoms can range in severity from mild to life-threatening. Their onset is typically within minutes of exposure. ➡️Non-IgE-mediated (delayed kind) have typically an onset several hours and in some instances several days after ingestion. They tend to cause skin changes (eczema) and gastrointestinal disturbances (reflux with or without vomiting; constipation or diarrhoea). ➡️Lactose intolerance presents mainly with gastrointestinal problems (abdominal pain, flatulence and diarrhoea). If you or your child have an immediate reaction to a food, avoid it and ask for a referral to either a Paediatric Allergist or an Adult Allergist. In case the reactions are delayed (2 hours to several days), your best option is to be seen by either a Paediatric Dietitian or an Adult Dietitian. www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=218595863303988&id=109164090913833  The incidence of peanut allergy has been increasing significantly in developed countries.
Many reasons have been found for such growth, but so far no proper treatment has been found to deal with it. Often, antihistamines are the first choice when there is an allergic reaction, with the occasional need to use adrenaline as well. Most of the symptoms start in childhood and persists throughout life. Due to this, the search for ways to deal with this specific allergy is ongoing, though not matching current needs. As such, today, I will focus on a promising medication that might lead to a significant change in the way we deal with peanut, and possibly nut, allergy. ⚠️On a Phase 2a randomized placebo control trial, running for six weeks, a single injection of Etokimab showed that it could desensitize peanut allergic adults. ➡️Food challenges, skin prick tests and blood tests were done at day 15 and 45, after injection ➡️73% (first challenge) and 57% (second challenge) passed a food challenge with 275mg of peanut protein (versus 0% in the control group) ➡️Several immune mediators were also reduced ❗They concluded that it could potentially desensitize peanut-allergic participants and possibly reduce atopy-related adverse events. ❓I understand the first part, but what is the connection to atopy? Let me explain. 🔸️IL33 belongs to a group of proteins (cytokines) important in cell signalling (basically part of the immune cascade). 🔸️It also belongs to a small group called alarmins, which are biomolecules that can initiate and maintain a non-infectious inflammatory response (like in allergies). 🔸️It is also known to be released or elevated when there is skin damage, like in atopic dermatitis or eczema (independently of its origin). ▶️Can you see me coming again to the top priority of maintaining the skin barrier to prevent allergy?◀️ ⚠️My opinion about it:
How does it compare to the current two available oral peanut immunotherapy? CA002 (Cambridge) and AR101 (London) 🔹️Both use an “up-dosing” programme to achieve a specific tolerable dose (1600mg for the former and 600mg for the latter). 🔹️AR101 had limitations, like participants being selected based on sensitivity to a maximum of 100 mg of peanut protein. 🔹️This does not represent the entire population with peanut allergies, half of whom have reactions to doses >100 mg. ⚠️Michael R. Perkin, Consultant Paediatric Allergist PhD, wrote that the major concern regarding this immunotherapy is that 𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐫𝐲, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐢𝐟 𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐜𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬. ▶️Neither groups have attempted to establish the duration for which allergen tolerance is maintained in the absence of ongoing consumption, potentially lifelong, 𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐦𝐚𝐲 𝐛𝐞 𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐦𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞. 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐦𝐞𝐚𝐧𝐬 𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐰𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐚𝐤𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐧 𝐚 𝐝𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐬 𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐚𝐥 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐬. 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐚𝐥𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐲 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐚 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐬𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐲. ➡️To consider that AR101 will cost between $5000 to $10,000 for the first six months of use, and $300 to $400 per month after that. business.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=127750235721885&id=109164090913833&__xts__%5B0%5D=68.ARAcfMWkVnUYwR3FN5rBEi1F6d1taXQUPf2mIqFAwrdVoz0OQ8C7KC9BEkUugTY4VILoskwaZxhM3o5A4nnmtOsx9FOBpYBNncpP66MpqQQKTWwKtXQzHy-vHURBMsvP6nE0Bxmspsh_DrjVT7LJ22qsDgJ52vrZLmGVNG1cD6RBmBLxJYmz3i_42bVVB7ughQOfl9qp33AIFWM6H_x8IGbSwGERKrEayt-OEsJB4AAY9A6AugvMfFZLkpgJUi8PLCcSObCm0FFjd9ORotB_K4jeKFfDGc1E0jY03B-7K6b4RkT7QrvqbW6PyYQ3PwTDXsw&__tn__=-R-R |
AuthorDr Costa is a Consultant Paediatrician and fellow of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. Categories
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Email address: officedrcosta@gmail.com
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Email address: officedrcosta@gmail.com
Contact number: 07949990798
Website design & content by LIT Communication: www.litcommunication.com
