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            Vaccines and Egg Allergy

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            Vaccines and Egg Allergy

            Published by Dr Josรฉ Costa at 01/01/2021

            A common source of debate, misconception and confusion is “๐˜ค๐˜ข๐˜ฏ ๐˜ฎ๐˜บ ๐˜ค๐˜ฉ๐˜ช๐˜ญ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ฃ๐˜ฆย ๐˜ท๐˜ข๐˜ค๐˜ค๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ข๐˜ต๐˜ฆ๐˜ฅย ๐˜ช๐˜ง ๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ/๐˜ด๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ฉ๐˜ข๐˜ด ๐˜ข๐˜ฏย ๐˜ฆ๐˜จ๐˜จ ๐˜ข๐˜ญ๐˜ญ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜จ๐˜บ?”.โฃ

            Especially now with the circulatingย Pfizerย andย AstraZenecaย (Oxford)ย COVID19 vaccines, many have asked me about their safety.

            But let’s start with the basics.

            ๐’๐จ ๐ฐ๐ก๐ฒ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐š๐ญ ๐ฆ๐จ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž๐ฆ ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ž ๐ก๐ž๐ง๐ฌ’ ๐ž๐ ๐ ๐ฌ?โฃ

            The process of growing a virus in an egg leads to that virus becoming less infectious to the human being, but still leading to a protective effect against potential infections in the future.โฃ
            After a virus is injected, the egg will be sealed with gelatine. This is normally made from pork protein.

            On the process of collecting the grown virus from the egg, a small amount of protein will come along as well. This can potentially lead to an allergic reaction.

            ๐Œ๐Œ๐‘โฃ

            • Studies have shown that this vaccine may contain from no amount to 1ng per 0.5ml of egg protein.โฃ
            • Food challenges done on egg-allergic patients showed most people would react to amounts of 50-100mg, with some as low as 2mg of egg protein.โฃ
            • This means the amount on the vaccine is too small to cause an allergic reaction.โฃ

            Saying this, other components might lead to allergic reactions.โฃ

            • The ones I am referring to are ๐†๐ž๐ฅ๐š๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐ž (๐ฉ๐จ๐ซ๐ค ๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐ ๐ข๐ง) and ๐๐ž๐จ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐œ๐ข๐ง.
            • Both have higher concentrations than Ovalbumin.โฃ

            ๐˜›๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ ๐˜šNIFFLE ๐˜ด๐˜ต๐˜ถ๐˜ฅ๐˜ช๐˜ฆ๐˜ด have shown the safety of the Nasal Flu vaccine.โฃ
            Several studies have shown that the LAIV (Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine) that contain less than 0.12ฮผg/mL (so 0.06 ฮผg for a 0.5 mL dose) is safe for patients with an egg allergy.โฃ

            ๐‘๐š๐›๐ข๐ž๐ฌโฃ
            To produce this vaccine, the virus is grown on chick embryonic fibroblast cells.
            In case a patient with an egg allergy needs this vaccine, there two other options that can be used, as they do not contain egg:โฃ

            1. Human Diploid Cell Vaccine (HDCV)โฃ
            2. Purified Vero Cell Rabies Vaccine (PVRV)โฃ

            ๐˜๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ๐จ๐ฐ ๐Ÿ๐ž๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ ๐ฏ๐š๐œ๐œ๐ข๐ง๐žโฃ

            • The virus for this vaccine is also grown on chick embryos.
            • If a patient needs this vaccine, there is only one potential option.โฃ
            • What I am referring to is a graded vaccination programme done in a hospital.โฃ

            ๐ˆ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐š๐ง๐ญ:โฃ

            • As with the MMR vaccine, the Yellow Fever and the Rabies vaccines one also contain Gelatine.โฃ
            • So extra caution needs to be had in this case.โฃ

            Finally, the COVID19 vaccines:

            1. “There is no egg or egg-related component of the Pfizer RNA vaccines.
            2.  The Oxford AstraZeneca vaccine is produced in genetically modified human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells.

            This means both vaccines are safe to be used in egg-allergic children.

            The only children who need to be vaccinated in a hospital are those with an allergy to eggs, with previous anaphylaxis to egg or who had a cardiorespiratory reaction needing admission to Intensive Care or those with coexisting active, chronic asthma.โฃ

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            Dr Josรฉ Costa
            Dr Josรฉ Costa

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